Housing
@article{appelbaum2023tokyo,
Author={Appelbaum, Binyamin},
url={https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/11/opinion/editorials/tokyo-housing.html},
Title={The Big City Where Housing Is Still Affordable},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2023-09-11},
comment={Despite being the largest city in the world, and overall wealthy, Tokyo has very affordable housing. This is a result of unfettered development, value placed on new construction by consumers, investment in transit, and little to no sense of historical preservation or value.},
category={Urbanism, Housing, tokyo}
}
% This shows that the econ 101 supply v demand / neoliberal model DOES work… in the simplist model you can come up with.
% Tokyo is exceptional from other major world cities in critical ways (many of them laid out in the article as if they are flaws that other world cities need to address):
% Tokyo has virtually no restriction on development in its entire greater metro area. This is like saying it’s NYC’s fault that residents of NJ CT and LI don’t want to allow developments in their towns. Indeed, the article LITERALLY states that NYC “stopped building new transit lines and started restricting new development along existing lines” and then claims that growth stalled in Garden City Long Island. As if NYC has any control over what happens on Long Island. As if it could even be constitutional for NYC to have some kind of control over development in NJ or CT.
% Tokyo has no historical buildings at all (and no parks). People just want the newest construction. They just dispose of anything old and there’s no regulations or bodies to prevent that from happening. Is that really the housing culture anyone wants in NYC or London?
% Tokyo doesn’t seem to be constrained by land space, it just keeps consuming its suburbs and making them part of the city. NYC will never have control over the land space of the 5 boroughs themselves.
% Construction seems to be cheap in Tokyo. I can almost guarantee this is not because of a lack of regulation. There are a huge number of economic factors that affect construction costs, not just zoning regulations. This is a wholly different problem from housing (that rapidly gets into the space of equity and how well construction worker in a dangeroud and difficult job are paid).
% It is difficult to imagine ANY scenario in NYC and London where any new construction is NOT high-end luxury construction. ALL the things that make development expensive in London and NYC come together and ensure that new development is almost always exclusively for rich people. Building more high-rises in the context of these cities only makes the city more accessible to rich people. There is NO model in the forseeable 100-year future where so much low-income housing is being built that it lowers the cost of housing for low-income people.
@article{mari2022viennapublichousing,
Author={Mari, Francesca},
url={https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/23/magazine/vienna-social-housing.html},
Title={Imagine a Renters’ Utopia. It Might Look Like Vienna.},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2023-05-dd},
comment={This article looks at the problems of the housing market and reaches the conclusion that Vienna has possibly the best solution: massive amounts of public housing available to 80 percent of the population, and limited-profit housing associations (restricted to charging rents that reflect costs, and extra profits have to go to constructing more social housing). This article also includes excellent, accessible, and short re-telling of the story of inequitable housing in the US.},
category={Housing, Criticality, vienna}
}
% One other interesting note: Vienna is surprisingly far more diverse than I would have guessed, with a foreign-born population slightly higher than NYC’s. (total pop: around 2m)
% “Vienna has succeeded in curbing the craving to own. It has done it by driving down the price of land through rezonings and rent control.”
% It’s not clear to me that all of this couldn’t be achieved simply through a strict rent-control program. What is “limited-profit” housing except a method of rent control? (It is, in fact, the same as Mitchell-Lama, the primary driver of affordability for those buildings being that they are rent-stabilized.) What is massive public housing other than a means of taking housing out of the capitalist market system? She doesn’t deny this in the article, but as usual NYC’s rent stabilization is left entirely unmentioned, even while there is much detail about NYC public housing. Nobody ever seems to want to talk about rent control/stabilization in NYC because it WORKS, even though it goes against the econ 101 supply/demand curve.
@article{dougherty2021cahousing,
Author={Dougherty, Conor},
url={https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/08/business/economy/california-housing.html},
Title={Where the Suburbs End},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2021-10-08},
comment={The rules in California housing are changing to allow more density. In particular the ease of building accessory dwelling units (ADUs/granny flats), is allowing more units to be added quickly to single-family lots without nearly the controversy that multi-family buildings draw. “the product of a political bargain that says sprawl can sprawl and downtowns can rise but single-family neighborhoods are sealed off from growth by the cudgel of zoning rules that dictate what can be built where. The deal is almost never stated so plainly, but it is the foundation of local politics in virtually every U.S. city and cuts to the core of the country’s deepest class and racial conflicts.”}
category={Housing, california}
}
@article{shuetz2020housingcosts,
Author={Shuetz, Jenny},
url={https://www.brookings.edu/research/whos-to-blame-for-high-housing-costs-its-more-complicated-than-you-think/#cancel},
Title={Who’s to blame for high housing costs? It’s more complicated than you think.},
journal={Brookings},
date={2020-01-17},
comment={A nice plain-language explainer of the complexities of the housing development system and how they drive up housing costs. She does a particularly good job of explaining the difference between greenfield development and infill development. But her conclusion that simplifying the housing development system isn’t exactly reflected by her arguments. She also dives in deeply into how regulations drive up costs but almost ignores the real estate developers decisions to profit from the system.},
category={Housing, regulation, Zoning, yimby}
}
@article{chung2018securitydeposit,
Author={Chung, Jen},
url={http://gothamist.com/2018/07/16/security_deposits_nyc.php},
Title={Report: NYC Apartment Security Deposits Are Too Damn High},
journal={Gothamist},
date={2018-07-16},
comment={Scott String releases a report finding that 507 million dollars is tied up in security deposits in NYC. Calls for security deposit reforms like caps, and the option to buy insurance instead.},
category={Housing, security deposit}
}
@article{zuk2016housing,
title={Housing production, filtering and displacement: untangling the relationships},
author={Zuk, Miriam and Chapple, Karen},
year={2016},
comment={Looks at the research suggesting that there is a trickle-down (“filtering”) effect where if you meet demand for expensive homes with more supply, more modestly priced homes will open up for people of more modest means. Finds that while this is true, it can take generations to occur, and that subsidized affordable housing has a far greater impact on preventing displacement.},
category={Housing, econ 101, filtering, trickle down}
}
% This research, and others like it, is important because many electeds and
% people in power are constantly makind the supply side housing argument because
% they are afraid of being caught on the wrong side of an econ 101 argument. The
% reality is that where trickle down does work, it is modest, and in places like
% NYC it probably isn’t working at all. Possibly because providing more housing
% for the wealthy encourages the wealthy to move in, which raises the cost of all
% other things, even if you hold housing steady, and increases discplacement.
% (Secondary discplacement). I’ve also heard it argued that high-income housing
% is just simply a completely separate market from middle and low-income housing,
% and therefore they have almost no influence on each other. Whatever the
% reason, the reality is that housing markets are incredibly complex and it is
% those who are applying econ 101 supply vs demands arguments to them that are
% naive, not those making an argument against supply.
@article{been2017city,
title={City NIMBYs},
author={Been, Vicki},
journal={J. Land Use & Envtl. L.},
volume={33},
pages={217},
year={2017},
publisher={HeinOnline},
comment={Vicki looks at the various causes for the rise of opposition to development in cities (as opposed to the long-standing opposition to development in suburbs, traditionally associated with NIMBYs). Looks at the current research on whether increasing regulation causes housing prices to increase. Covers some of the research on cities as “growth engines.”},
category={Urbanism, housing, nimby}
@article{badger2018bipartisannimby,
Author={Badger, Emily},
url={https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/upshot/home-ownership-nimby-bipartisan.html},
Title={The Bipartisan Cry of ‘Not in My Backyard’},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2018-08-21},
comment={Points out that even though conservatives would nominally favor deregulation, and leftists would nominally favor more affordable and equitable housing, research shows that people of both political orientations will opt to protect their home values over these principles, and opt for laws preventing development in their neighborhoods. Notes some interesting things: the history of local control of land use is that it has ALWAYS been used as a tool of segregation; people who become homeowners become more politically active, and vote more particularly as they own more expensive homes; and that its possible there aren’t clearer partisan divides because the national conversation isn’t about this topic, and homeowners are not hearing from their larger political leaders what the “right” way to feel on this issue is (!).},
category={Housing, Politics, nimbyism, homeownership}
}
% There’s a LOT of subtleties not covered here. While some of the
% research says it showed leftists “messages reminding them of the
% benefits of new housing for low- and middle-income families” they
% still choose their own interests as homeowners. But I’m very skeptical
% about what those “messages” say, particulary in the context of having
% EXPERIENCED so much new development that largely benefits rich people,
% with small token gestures towards affordable housing. I suspect a lot
% of lefties would support increased housing in their neighborhood if
% they felt like there were strong guarantees that it would be held for
% basically only middle and low-income folks - but nobody can afford to
% actually BUILD housing like that, so that isn’t going to happen, so the
% lefties maybe aren’t so far off with being against development.
% Similarly, it also seems like this article conflates radically
% different notions of what “more housing in a neighborhood” could mean -
% does that mean we believe the economists and simply building MORE will
% benefit low-income folks? Does it mean that more housing is built for
% the kinds of folks who already live in a neighborhood? Or does it mean
% more housing for rich people in a neighborhood?
%
% And there’s confusion about WHAT the homeowner is protecting - if the
% size of the buildings is increased, potentially they could SELL their
% property for a profit - so what IS the homeowner’s actual “interest” in
% the neighborhood? Potentially it’s in keeping the neighborhood like it
% is when they bought their home - NOT in making more money.
@article{bellafante2016parking,
Author={Bellafante, Ginia},
url={https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/18/nyregion/parking-concerns-take-a-back-seat-in-pursuit-of-affordable-housing.html},
Title={Parking Concerns Take a Back Seat in Pursuit of Affordable Housing},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2016-09-16},
comment={Some people are fighting the building of affordable housing because they want to protect parking garages. The fear is that they will increase the number of cars on the street. This article takes the position that this is ridiculous given the NYC housing crisis. Also covers the parking requirements that much of the city still has in place in the zoning, giving examples of affordable housing units built with expensive required parking that never gets used.},
category={Housing, affordable housing, parking, nyc}
}
@article{wingfield2017zillow,
Author={Wingfield, Nick},
url={https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/upshot/angry-over-zillows-home-prices-a-prize-is-offered-for-improving-them.html},
Title={Angry Over Zillow’s Home Prices? You Can Win a Prize by Improving Them},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2017-05-24},
comment={Talks about how an old internet business strategy is to introduce some new statistic for people to look up online, and potentially worry about accuracy later. Zillow fits this model in that it has become the de facto place for people to look up home prices. But it’s accuracy is very limited. When they first started their median home price estimate error rate was 14 percent. So only half the estimates fell within 14 percent of the final price. They’ve done better since, it’s now down to 5 percent, but that is still huge. They are trying to improve that.},
category={Housing, home prices estimates, zillow}
}
@article{desmond2017homeownership,
Author={Desmond, Matthew},
url={https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/magazine/how-homeownership-became-the-engine-of-american-inequality.html},
Title={How Homeownership Became the Engine of American Inequality},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2017-05-09},
comment={An amazing account of the history of the Mortgage Interest Deduction (MID) and poverty in the US. },
category={Housing, mid, mortgage interest deduction, poverty, income, CUP, affordable housing}
}
% the federal government dedicated nearly $134 billion to homeowner subsidies. The MID accounted for the biggest chunk of the total, $71 billion, with real estate tax deductions, capital gains exclusions and other expenditures accounting for the rest. That number, $134 billion, was larger than the entire budgets of the Departments of Education, Justice and Energy combined for that year. It is a figure that exceeds half the entire gross domestic product of countries like Chile, New Zealand and Portugal.'' % When we think of entitlement programs, Social Security and Medicare immediately come to mind. But by any fair standard, the holy trinity of United States social policy should also include the mortgage-interest deduction — an enormous benefit that has also become politically untouchable.’’
% Americans assume that most poor families live in subsidized housing, the opposite is true; nationwide, only one in four households that qualifies for rental assistance receives it.'' % Because of rising housing costs and stagnant wages, slightly more than half of all poor renting families in the country spend more than 50 percent of their income on housing costs, and at least one in four spends more than 70 percent. Yet America’s national housing policy gives affluent homeowners large benefits; middle-class homeowners, smaller benefits; and most renters, who are disproportionately poor, nothing. It is difficult to think of another social policy that more successfully multiplies America’s inequality in such a sweeping fashion’’
% The GI Bill was the largest social program ever – and was specifically set up to not be accessible to people of color. This was decades before redlining even began.
% Racial exclusion was Roosevelt’s first concession to pass the New Deal; his second, to avoid a tax revolt, was to rely on regressive and largely hidden payroll taxes to fund generous social-welfare programs. A result, the historian Michelmore observes, is that we “never asked ordinary taxpayers to pay for the economic security many soon came to expect as a matter of right.” In providing millions of middle-class families stealth benefits, the American government rendered itself invisible to those families, who soon came to see their success as wholly self-made. We forgot because we were not meant to remember.'' % There is another reason most MID benefits accrue to the top, even among homeowners: You have to itemize your deductions to claim it. Most taxpayers don’t bother because they don’t make enough money to justify the hassle. In 2014, 1.5 million households earning between $40,000 and $50,000 a year claimed the MID, receiving an average benefit of $14 a month. That same year, 6.5 million households with earnings above $200,000 claimed the MID and enjoyed an average benefit of $391 a month. What this means in aggregate is that households with at least six-figure incomes receive more than four-fifths of the total value of mortgage interest and property-tax deductions.’’
% So why do we keep this “poor instrument” around, if the overarching goal of American federal housing policy is to create a nation of homeowners? Perhaps because the MID enjoys entrenched, unyielding support from a powerful real estate lobby. We often discuss the influence of the gun and pharmaceutical lobbies, but the real estate lobby has spent much more than either group. We often discuss the influence of the gun and pharmaceutical lobbies, but the real estate lobby has spent much more than either group. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, the National Association of Realtors spent $64.8 million in lobbying efforts in 2016, making it second only to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce in terms of dollars spent.'' % Would we support reform that provided desperately needed housing relief to millions of low-income Americans if it meant that the net worth of those who owned expensive homes took a hit? The answer is almost certainly no, at least for owners of houses valued north of $500,000. Wealth granted by a bizarre government subsidy is still wealth, and once people have it, they’d prefer to keep it. When it comes to public housing for the rich, it becomes hard to break the cycle of welfare dependency. It’s why some Democratic leaders who represent districts with high housing prices, like Representative Nancy Pelosi (San Francisco) and Senator Chuck Schumer (New York), have been outspoken critics of MID reform, even if they are consistent backers of other equality-promoting initiatives.’’
% ``We tend to speak about the poor as if they didn’t live in the same society, as if our gains and their losses weren’t intertwined. Conservatives explain poverty by pointing to “individual factors,” like bad decisions or the rise of single-parent families; liberals refer to “structural causes,” like the decline of manufacturing or the historical legacies of racial discrimination. Usually pitted against each other, each perspective serves a similar function: letting us off the hook by asserting that there is a deep-rooted, troubling problem — more than one in six Americans does not make enough to afford basic necessities — that most of us bear no responsibility for.’’
@article{goldfarb2017movingintogether,
Author={Goldfarb, Anna},
url={https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/04/28/realestate/what-i-wish-id-known-before-moving-in-together.html},
Title={What I Wish I’d Known Before Moving in Together},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2017-04-28},
comment={This is a stupid garbage article. But it contains the line ``Visions of plush rugs, soft lighting and cuddling in front of a fireplace filled my head. I quickly realized that I was confusing coffee commercials with real life.’’},
category={Housing, cohabitation, relationships}
}
% People base most of what they think they want in their lives on what they see on TV.
@article{cohen2017rad,
Author={Cohen, Rachel},
url={https://www.citylab.com/housing/2017/04/the-hopes-and-fears-around-ben-carsons-favorite-public-housing-program/523926/},
Title={The Hopes and Fears Around Ben Carson’s Favorite Public Housing Program},
journal={CityLab},
date={2017-04-dd},
comment={HUD is moving fast to use more of its Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD) program. RAD converts public housing units to privately held Section 8 units. There have been many complaints about transparency and complexity as the program has been ramping up.},
category={Housing, rad, hud, CUP, affordable housing}
}
% NYCHA wants to try this program in Rockaway: \url{http://www1.nyc.gov/site/nycha/about/press/pr-2016/nycha-releases-request-for-rental-assistance-demonstration.page}
@article{leon2017blight,
Author={de Leon, Erwin and Schilling, Joseph},
url={http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/89491/urban_blight_and_public_health.pdf},
Title={Urban Blight and Public Health},
journal={Urban Institute},
year={2017},
month={04},
comment={The quality of housing can contribute to quality of health. Conditions within the home can impact the health of a person, obviously, but also neighborhood conditions have a statistically meaningful impact on a person’s health. Above this, the ability to afford quality housing impacts people’s options for healthy living.},
category={Housing, Health, social determinants of health, affordable housing, housing code}
}
% See CityLab coverage here: \url{https://www.citylab.com/housing/2017/04/why-housing-policy-should-be-health-policy/522510/#disqus_thread?utm_source=fbb} with a quote from Schilling: “We need to return housing back to its roots,” he says. “Housing codes were initially framed as a way to protect public health. While there’s still some of that, it’s so often become secondary.”
@article{stewart2017homelessness,
Author={STEWART, NIKITA and NEUMAN, WILLIAM and GOODMAN, J. DAVID},
url={https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/26/nyregion/new-york-city-homeless-shelters-de-blasio.html},
Title={Adding Homeless Shelters Is a Political Risk, but de Blasio Sees No Alternative},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2017-03-26},
comment={De Blasio takes a new tactic on opening homeless shelters: open many at the same time all across the city. ``Yet the scale of the plan — a seeming deterrent — may work to the administration’s advantage. “If you put out an overall plan to show that everyone is sacrificing, do you just create a big target, and marshal lots and lots of communities against this idea?” said Norman Steisel, the first deputy mayor under Mayor David N. Dinkins. “Or does it help people understand the enormity of the problem and that it’s shared?”’’},
category={Housing, Politcs, nyc, de blasio, homeless shelters, homlessness}
}
@article{markus2016aspen,
Author={Markus, Ben},
url={https://www.marketplace.org/2016/08/26/world/aspens-affordable-housing-program-showing-its-age},
Title={Aspen’s affordable housing program is showing its age},
journal={Marketplace},
date={2016-08-26},
comment={Aspen has an old affordable housing program to address the insanely over-valued land there. 50% of people live in affordable housing. But those people are aging now, and not leaving to free up housing for new workers.},
category={Housing, affordable housing, aspen, age-in-place}
}
@article{leber2016fundforpublichousing,
Author={Leber, Jessica},
url={https://www.fastcoexist.com/3062672/future-of-philanthropy/will-housing-project-alumni-give-back-to-a-crumbling-system},
Title={Will Housing Project “Alumni” Give Back To A Crumbling System?},
journal={Fast Company},
date={2016-08-22},
comment={An overview of NYCHA’s development of a ``Fund For Public Housing’’ designed to tap wealthy people who lived in public housing to help raise funds for unrestricted test projects.},
category={Housing, nycha, public housing, fund for public housing}
}
@article{Blankarticleentry,
Author={Willis, Mark},
url={http://urbanomnibus.net/2017/03/brass-tacks-the-money/)},
Title={Brass Tacks: The Money},
journal={Urban Omnibus},
date={2017-03-08},
comment={A nice overview of how affordable housing programs are financed. ``The major sources of affordable housing finance are debt, equity, and grants. Debts are any sorts of loans taken out, whether a conventional bank loan or a government-insured one, and equity is any sort of capital raised for the project, which can include money raised from tax credit investments. Equity is the developer’s “skin in the game.” Grants might come from government (such as federal Community Development Block Grants or HOME funds) or through private foundations or charitable organizations.’’ Also includes an explanation of LIHTC and bank responsibility under the Community Reinvestment Act.},
category={Housing, affordable housing, lihtc, cra, CUP}
}
@article{dulchin2017421a,
Author={Dulchin, Benjamin},
url={http://anhd.org/what-happened-to-housing-development-when-421a-was-suspended/},
Title={What Happened To Housing Development When 421a Was Suspended?},
journal={ANHD},
date={2017-02-13},
comment={Benjamin Dulchin uses the data from 2016 (the year without 421a) to show that it is ``long known that 421a is unjustifiably expensive and inefficient. Now we know it may not even accomplish the most minimum public purpose to justify its 1.4 billion price tag.’’ 421-a costs a lot of money and produces virtually no affordable housing. And it does not dampen housing construction.},
category={Housing, 421a}
}
% See also, how 421a ended(?): \url{https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/26/nyregion/tax-exemption-housing-development.html}
@article{dougherty2017homeprices,
Author={Dougherty, Conor},
url={https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/02/10/upshot/popping-the-housing-bubbles-in-the-american-mind.html},
Title={Why Falling Home Prices Could Be a Good Thing},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2017-02-10},
comment={Proposes the thought experiment of a cultural shift towards accepting generally declining home prices, rather than our current expectation that they should always rise. Some benefits might include people making local decisions based on best choices for education or job growth rather than protecting home values. His thought experiment also includes getting rid of land use restrictions to increase supply of housing. He makes it clear that this is simply a thought experiment to get us thinking about the negative aspects of our current cultural values. References a paper by Ed Glaeser that finds that houses should cost about 200,000, if land restrictions were not in place, since land is the main variable in housing costs. That paper suggests that housing costs are higher in NYC and San Francisco because of land use restrictions.},
category={Housing, supply, home prices}
}
% Not really sure that land use restrictions are solely because home price protectionism. It seems like there’s a thousand reasons for land use restrictions, and the RESULT is some protectionism for home prices. That seems like a natural outcome of cities to me.
@article{cohen2017lihtc,
Author={Cohen, Josh},
url={https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/trump-tax-promise-hurt-affordable-housing-developers},
Title={Trump Tax Promise Is Already Affecting Affordable Housing},
journal={Next City},
date={2017-01-26},
comment={Because Trump is promising to reduce tax burdens, the tax credits sold by LIHTC to raise funds become less attractive, leaving affordable housing developers with gaps in their funding to fill.},
category={Housing, Politics, trump, lihtc, CUP}
}
% this article contains a nice description of the ever-more-complex lihtc program
% One of the problems with complex policy solutions is that they might work well in certain environments, and become radically disfunctional in others.
@article{gates2016homeless,
Author={Gates, Moses},
url={http://lab.rpa.org/nyc-home-to-most-of-regions-homeless-but-a-small-share-of-unsheltered/},
Title={NYC Home to Most of Region’s Homeless, But a Small Share of Unsheltered},
journal={RPA Lab},
date={2016-12-27},
comment={While NYC has a very high homeless population, because of laws in New York State requiring homeless to be sheltered, it has a much lower unsheltered population than surrounding areas, like New Jersey.},
category={Housing, homelessness, shelters, new jersey}
}
@article{goldenberg2016publichousing,
Author={Goldenber, Sally and Cheney, Brendan},
url={http://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2016/12/city-officials-brace-for-potential-cuts-to-public-housing-under-trump-presidency-108179},
Title={City officials brace for potential cuts to public housing under Trump},
journal={Politico},
date={2016-12-19},
comment={With Trump going into office there is real fear that he will end up cutting much-needed funds to public housing. Has a graphic that shows how public housing has consistently been underfunded from the Federal government. Money Public Housing was supposed to get was never delivered. Cumulatively reaching 1.6 Billion since 2001.},
category={Housing, public housing, trump, ben carson, hud, CUP}
}
@article{murphy2016ami,
Author={Murphy, Jarrett},
url={http://citylimits.org/2016/02/17/the-secret-history-of-ami/},
Title={The Secret History of AMI},
journal={City Limits},
date={2016-02-17},
comment={Explains (without much detail) how HUD ended up applying Rockland, Westchester, and Putnam counties to NYC’s MFI (AMI). Also explains the history of why Rockland and Westchester asked to be carved out so they have their own local MFI applied in their counties.},
category={Housing, CUP, ami, mfi, mandatory inclusionary housing, mih, median family income, area median income}
}
@article{edsall2015affh,
Author={Edsall, Thomas B.},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/15/opinion/edsall-who-will-pay-the-political-price-for-affordable-housing.html},
Title={Who Will Pay the Political Price for Affordable Housing?},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2015-07-15},
comment={Edsall argues that the Supreme Court decision in Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. The Inclusive Communities Project, Inc. and the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s issuance of a new rule on July 8, `Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing’ will cause white NIMBY liberals to start voting Republican when they see housing for low-income (black) people being built in their neighborhoods because it is required by those moves towards fairer housing.},
category={affirmatively furthering fair housing, affh, Housing, liberals, nimby, democracts, republicans, Politics}
}
% Same issue tackled here in CityLab: \url{http://www.citylab.com/politics/2015/07/how-fair-housing-will-turn-liberal-cities-conservative/398642/} - Saying that they are ``Liberal in the streets, NIMBY in the sheets’’.
% And updated here in the wake of the Trump election: \url{http://www.citylab.com/housing/2016/11/trump-and-the-future-of-fair-and-affordable-housing/507269/}
@article{badger2016affh,
Author={Badger, Emily},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/23/upshot/how-ben-carson-at-housing-could-undo-a-desegregation-effort.html},
Title={How Ben Carson at Housing Could Undo a Desegregation Effort},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2016-11-23},
comment={Explains how the 1968 Fair Housing Act includes two mandates: banning of discrimination and affirmatively furthering integration. Explains what that means, and how since the 1968 law the second half has been fought for by community groups but ignored by HUD and the government. Obama finally implemented the rule. Now it is under threat from a Trump administration and Ben Carson.},
category={CUP, affirmatively furthering fair housing, affh, Housing, republicans, Politics}
}
@article{yager2016gentrificationresponse,
Author={Yager, Jessica and Herrine, Luke},
url={http://furmancenter.org/files/NYUFurmanCenter_GentrificationResponse_26OCT2016.pdf},
Title={Gentrification Responses: A Survey of Strategies to Maintain Neighborhood Economic Diversity},
journal={NYU Furman Center},
year={2016},
month={10},
comment={An overview of available tools to help slow the gentrification process.},
category={Housing, gentrification, affordable housing, anti-harassment}
}
@article{tempey2016landlords,
Author={Tempey, Nathan},
url={http://gothamist.com/2016/10/19/poor_landlords_struggle_unreal.php},
Title={In Search Of The Elusive Struggling Rent-Stabilized Landlord},
journal={Gothamist},
date={2016-10-19},
comment={Organizations representing landlords tell the Rent Guidelines Board every year that the rent cap for rent stabilized aparments needs to be raised so that landlords of small apartment buildings don’t go bankrupt. Gothamist sets out here to find out how many landlords might be in that category, using a variety of methods, and finds virtually none. At least none that would be willing to speak to them about the problem. Most landlords of rent-stabilized buildings are generally large real-estate corporations. And the buildings that ARE losing money were generally just very bad investments on the part of the company buying them (so those landlords should be responsible for their bad investment, not the tenants.)},
category={Housing, rgb, landlords, rent stabilization, CUP}
}
@article{savitchlew2016brownsville,
Author={Savitch-Lew, Abigail},
url={http://citylimits.org/2016/10/11/no-rezoning-plan-but-city-eyes-brownsville-for-big-changes/},
Title={No Rezoning Plan, but City Eyes Brownsville for Big Changes},
journal={City Limits},
date={2016-10-11},
comment={In Brownsville the city (HPD) is going in and doing neighborhood planning with the intention not to do an area-wide rezoning, but instead entice developers to build affordable housing with rezonings of individual projects.},
category={Housing, CUP, brownsville, hpd, rezoning}
}
% It sounds like given the contentious process in other neighborhoods the city is trying something more nuanced and fine-grained here. Which is a good idea. Though they have to fight thier own disinclination towards “spot rezonings”
@article{cummins2016milenials,
Author={Cummins, Ben},
url={http://www.planetizen.com/node/86755/what-millennials-want-and-why-it-doesnt-matter},
Title={http://www.planetizen.com/node/86755/what-millennials-want-and-why-it-doesnt-matter},
journal={Planetizen},
date={2016-06-08},
comment={There’s a sense that millenials perfer urban areas. But this research shows that, while more young people prefer urban areas to other age groups, the vast majority of them still prefer suburban areas. With the caveat that they still want mixed use suburban areas.},
category={Urbanism, Housing, millenials, suburbs, mixed use}
}
% Data from TransitCenter was used in this research.
@article{stromberg2016makes,
title={What Makes Inclusionary Zoning Happen?},
author={Stromberg, Brian and Sturtevant, Lisa},
year={2016},
url={Real Estate Boom Pinches a Produce Supply in the Hudson Valley},
abstract={More than 500 local inclusionary zoning (IZ) programs have been implemented in communities across the country. In most cases, these IZ policies are adopted as part of a larger local strategy to expand housing options that are affordable to lower income households. IZ policies have been adopted in a wide range of places, from big cities to suburban communities to rural areas. But what makes one community more quickly adopt an IZ policy than another community? Using a database developed in collaboration with the National CLT Network (now Grounded Solutions), researchers at NHC and the University of Maryland developed a model to explain the rate of IZ adoption in local jurisdictions across the country. When states expressly authorize inclusionary zoning, local jurisdictions have an easier time adopting a local IZ program. Other community characteristics that are associated with adoption of a local IZ program include: higher population densities, higher shares of rent-burdened households, lower home ownership rates, and a lower share of Democratic voters. These research findings can help advocates target their education and outreach efforts as they seek to expand the number and the effectiveness of IZ programs across the country.},
comment={Research looking at whether IZ policies cause housing prices to increase (they don’t) and who supports IZ policies (not Democrats).},
}
% See also this public media article in CityLab: \url{http://www.citylab.com/housing/2016/06/what-we-know-about-inclusionary-zoning-thus-far/485072/}
@article{steinmih2014,
Author={Stein, Samuel},
url={https://www.jacobinmag.com/2014/10/de-blasios-doomed-housing-plan/},
Title={De Blasio’s Doomed Housing Plan},
journal={Jacobin},
year={2014},
month={09},
comment={A simple overview of De Blasio’s proposed mandatory inclusionary housing program (from before it was implemented.) Points out that it incentivizes the replacement of rent regulated apartments with new developments, brings in new people to neighborhoods in exchange for a small number of affordable units, and will likely still be called a success because the new units will be highly visible while the ones lost (which better served low-income populations) will not. Argues for applying it only on vacant lots and city wide. Argues for public housing, or at least community land trusts.},
category={Housing, CUP, mandatory inclusionary housing, inclusionary zoning}
}
@article{chabanadoramamih2016,
Author={Chaban, Matt A. V.},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/nyregion/a-manhattan-condominium-project-tests-de-blasios-fledgling-housing-program.html},
Title={Why, in One Case, the de Blasio Administration Opposes Affordable Housing},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2016-08-08},
comment={The City Planning Commission is arguing that a change to zoning to allow a bigger residential building next to Adorama should NOT trigger Mandatory Inclusionary Housing requirements. They feel that doing so would open up MIH to legal challenges. CPC argues that the change is just an adjustment to the zoning, since it only changes dimensional requirements of the building, not the actual bulk under the zoning. Gale Brewer disagrees.},
category={Housing, mih, zoning, cpc}
}
@article{kimmelmangowanus2016,
Author={Kimmelman, Michael},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/arts/design/in-gowanus-a-peoples-housing-plan-to-challenge-the-mayors.html},
Title={In Gowanus, a People’s Housing Plan to Challenge the Mayor’s},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2016-08-01},
comment={Kimmelman describes the Brad Lander led neighborhood planning effort Bridging Gowanus. The city announces it’s plan to rezone Gowanus. Kimmelman talks about the state of affordable housing in general, how no major candidate has mentioned it as an issue, and how funding has shifted from directly supporting affordable housing to bribing developers to build it. He points out that even though NYC is commiting vast amounts more money than any other city to affordable housing, it is nearly impossible to achieve anything without Federal funding.},
category={Housing, affordable housing, gowanus}
}
@article{westinrealgentrifiers2016,
Author={Westin, Jonathan},
url={http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-westin/who-are-the-real-gentrifiers-of-new-york-city_b_11295058.html},
Title={Who Are The Real Gentrifiers Of New York City?},
journal={The Huffington Post},
date={2016-08-02},
comment={Essay arguing that the real force of gentrification is speculative real estate investment in low-income neighborhoods by wealth white men, often using the vehicle of afforable housing. Particularly in terms of the group New York State Association for Affordable Housing (NYSAFAH). behind the promise of “affordable housing”, lies a model that has perfected gentrifying communities of color. By buying land in low-income communities, taking advantage of city subsidies, using non-union, low paid construction workers, and last but not least building massive amounts of housing that is unaffordable to the neighborhoods.''Rich, mostly white men, see opportunity in low-income communities — that have traditionally had lower property values — where they can gobble up property quickly, influence the neighborhood development, inhale public subsidies, market housing to outsiders and then walk away with millions after selling off to a private equity firm. Rinse, recycle, and repeat.’’},
category={Housing, CUP, NYSAFAH, gentrification}
}
@article{feehousingchoice2016,
Author={Fee, Rachel},
url={http://furmancenter.org/research/iri/essay/housing-choice-shouldnt-be-at-the-expense-of-other-low-income-renters},
Title={Housing Choice Shouldn’t Be At The Expense of Other Low-Income Renters},
journal={Furman Center},
year={2016},
month={07},
comment = {A critical voice on HUD’s proposal to bring Small Area Fair Market Rents (SAFMR) to New York City. Since HUD wants to implement this program without increasing the budget, the result is that the pie is the same size, but divided differently. As a result about 1/3 of the 120,000 Section 8 voucher holders will end up with less rental assitance, as those funds would be diverted to people living in higher income zip codes. In addition, zip codes are not exactly an awesome geography for dividing things in NYC.},
category = {Housing, section 8, nyc, small area fair market rents, CUP}
}
@article{bellafantemarcusgarveyvillage2013,
Author={Bellafanta, Ginia},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/nyregion/in-marcus-garvey-village-a-housing-solution-gone-awry.html},
Title={A Housing Solution Gone Awry},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2013-06-01},
comment = {Looks at the history of Marcus Garvey Village, which was an attempt by architects to design smaller housing, with individual entry ways as a method to improve people’s lives and reduce crime. This idea was based on the 1970s book Defensible Space'' by Oscar Newman which looked at data from New York to conclude that architecture itself could cause meaningful social change. That idea has long since fallen by the wayside. Marcus Garvey Village opened more than 40 years ago, and people were truly excited at the time that it might help solve all sorts of social problems. In the case of Marcus Garvey, many of the design features actually \emph{enhanced} social problems. It made the towers of public housing look good. Mindful design can accomplish little divorced from broad, aggressive strategies to fight social inequality.’’},
category = {Housing, crime, public housing, architecture, defensible space, oscar newman, CUP}
}
@article{lasnernationpublichousing2016,
Author={Lasner, Matthew Gordon},
url={http://www.thenation.com/article/the-case-for-public-housing/},
Title={The Case for Public Housing},
journal={The Nation},
date={2016-05-06},
comment = {Lasner lays out in simple terms the history of Public Housing and why we should be pushing again for deep government subsidies of housing.},
category = {Housing, public housing}
}
@article{navarrohousingsegregation2016,
Author={Navarro, Mireya},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/15/nyregion/segregation-new-york-city-and-de-blasio-affordable-housing.html},
Title={Segregation Issue Complicates de Blasio’s Housing Push},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2016-04-14},
comment = {NYC is still very segregated by neighborhood. HUD is pushing now for more integration. But there are problems both with pushing integration, and supporting communities as they stand. ``Over all, no one racial group makes up more than a third of the city’s population.’’},
category = {segregation, Housing, nyc, hud}
}
% It seems like a mistake to use policy to try to break up cohesive communities. Shouldn’t we simply be supporting those communities with better services and infrastructure?
@article{mader2018schoolsegregation,
Author={Mader, Nicole and Hemphill, Clara and Abbas, Qasim},
url={https://static1.squarespace.com/static/53ee4f0be4b015b9c3690d84/t/5ae8b91ff950b73991688aec/1525201185652/The+Paradox+of+Choice.pdf},
Title={The Paradox of Choice: How School Choice Divides New York City Elementary Schools},
journal={Center for New York City Affairs},
year={2018},
month={05}
comment={Finds that school choice has increased segregation among NYC schools. A large percentage of wealthy parents in gentrifying areas choose to send their elementary school kids to a different zone, with better schools, while parents in wealthy neighborhoods will keep their kids in their zoned school. Either way, poor schools are left with students from backgrounds with few resources. Segregation of schools is not tied to neighborhood segregation.},
category={Urbanism, schools, nyc, segregation}
}
% Brad Lander recently began trying to push the issue of NYC segregation. And while I have questions about whether that research applies accurately to NYC, since it is all based on Census tracts, and Census tracts in NYC are far smaller (geographically) than anywhere else in the country. Doesn’t seem like it’s a fair to compare NYC’s Census tracts with other cities. Lander presented some arguments about how schools are unquestionably segregated. And this article shows why.
@article{clarkhousinglawyers2016,
Author={Clark, Patrick},
url={http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-08/how-to-solve-the-housing-crisis-more-lawyers},
Title={How to Solve the Housing Crisis: More Lawyers},
journal={Bloomberg},
date={2016-04-08},
comment = {The New York City Bar Association did a study suggesting that providing free legal counsel to people being evicted would help keep people in their homes. Those people, by not entering the homeless system, would actually save the city money in the long run. However, this is not the result that the Independent Budget Office found - they assumed that funding for homelessness from the federal government would dry up if homelessness declined, so the city would not get to keep the money they saved.},
category = {lawyers, homelessness, affordable housing, eviction, nyc, ibo, Housing}
}
@article{rochabrunhabitat2016,
Author={Rochabrun, Marcelo},
url={https://www.propublica.org/article/habitat-for-humanity-brooklyn-bedford-stuyvesant-poor-lose-homes},
Title={How Habitat for Humanity Went to Brooklyn and Poor Families Lost Their Homes},
journal={ProPublica},
date={2016-04-01},
comment = {Habitat for Humanity used federal funds to purchase buildings in Bed Stuy from sketchy developers who had pressured the previous very low-income tenants out.},
category = {affordable housing, habitat for humanity, bedford-stuyvesant}
}
@techreport{NBERw22077,
title = “Racial Sorting and the Emergence of Segregation in American Cities”,
author = “Allison Shertzer and Randall P. Walsh”,
institution = “National Bureau of Economic Research”,
type = “Working Paper”,
series = “Working Paper Series”,
number = “22077”,
year = “2016”,
month = “March”,
doi = {10.3386/w22077},
URL = “http://www.nber.org/papers/w22077”,
abstract = {Residential segregation by race grew sharply in the United States as black migrants from the South arrived in northern cities during the early twentieth century. The existing literature emphasizes discriminatory institutions as the driving force behind this rapid rise in segregation. Using newly assembled neighborhood-level data, we instead focus on the role of “flight” by whites, providing the first systematic evidence of the role that prewar population dynamics played in the emergence of the American ghetto. Leveraging exogenous changes in neighborhood racial composition, we show that white departures in response to black arrivals were quantitatively large and accelerated between 1900 and 1930. Our preferred estimates suggest that white flight was responsible for 34 percent of the increase in segregation over the 1910s and 50 percent over the 1920s. Our analysis suggests that segregation would likely have arisen in American cities even without the presence of discriminatory institutions as a direct consequence of the widespread and decentralized relocation decisions of white urban residents.},
comment = {Research suggesting that white flight may have happened even without institutional/policy based racism that enhanced it. White people started moving out of neighborhoods with increasing numbers of black people early, becore redlining and blockbusting started. They moved not to the suburbs though but to other similar neighborhoods, but that were still mostly white.},
category = {Housing, redlining, blockbusting, white flight}
}
% Download the pdf here: \url{https://www.economics.utoronto.ca/index.php/index/research/downloadSeminarPaper/47510}
% See Citylab summary of the work here: \url{http://www.citylab.com/housing/2016/03/how-early-white-flight-drove-racial-segregation/474057/}
@article{taylor2019fha,
Author={Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta},
url={https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/19/opinion/sunday/blacks-hud-real-estate.html},
Title={When the Dream of Owning a Home Became a Nightmare },
journal={The New York Times},
date={2019-10-19},
comment={A nice plain-language telling of the story of how exclusionary discrimination under redlining gave way to predatory inclusionary discrimination under the FHA programs to get more Black people owning homes.},
category={Housing, Politics, Economics, racism, redlining, foreclosure, predatory lending}
}
@article{tcholakianelizabethstreetgarden2016,
Author={Tcholakian, Danielle},
url={https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160321/nolita/elizabeth-street-garden-backers-cheer-as-housing-threat-gets-no-funds},
Title={Elizabeth Street Garden Backers Cheer as Housing Threat Gets No Funds},
journal={DNAinfo},
date={2016-03-21},
comment = {The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation did not give funding to HPD to build affordable housing on a community garden site on Elizabeth St. because of community oppostion. This despite the fact that the garden wasn’t a garden until about a two years ago, and never asked for permission to use the space. HPD says they can still build the affordable housing without the funds from LMDC.},
category = {lmdc, affordable housing, hpd, Housing, community gardens}
}
% See this earlier article too, which has a few more details: \url{https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150824/nolita/city-moving-forward-with-affordable-housing-at-elizabeth-street-garden}
@article{whitfordtil2016,
Author={Whitford, Emma},
url={http://gothamist.com/2016/03/09/nyc_affordable_housing_vacancy.php},
Title={Why Are Hundreds Of Affordable NYC Apartments Vacant?},
journal={Gothamist},
date={2016-03-09},
comment = {Reviews the status of building the city acquired in the 1970s through the Tenan Interim Lease (TIL) program, which allowed the city to take over a building that hadn’t paid property taxes in over a year. The city ended up with more than 100,000 apartments. The intention was to let the TIL buildings turn into cooperatives, but that didn’t usually happen. Today the city has 2,422 residential units—1,525 occupied and 897 vacant in the program. Some community groups now want to turn the remaining buildings into Community Land Trusts (CLT) combined with Mutual Housing Associations (MHA) which allows tenants living in separate apartment buildings to cross-subsidize their rents and pool their utility and maintenance costs to save money. The intention is to remove these buildings from the speculative real estate market. Many of the buildings are in poor shape. They need investment, and of course the city’s current plan is to use Affordable Neighborhood Cooperative Program (ANCP) loans which allow the units to be sold to families making up to 100k.},
category = {Housing, community land trust, mutual housing assotiatons, tenant interim lease}
}
@article{furmancenterhistoricdistricts2016,
Author={Ellen, Ingrid Gould and McCabe, Brian and Stern, Eric},
url={http://furmancenter.org/files/NYUFurmanCenter_HistoricDistrictsBrief_7MAR2016.pdf},
Title={Fifty Years of Historic Preservation in New York City},
journal={Furman Center},
year={2016},
month={03},
comment = {Findings about NYC historic districts: ``Residents of Historic Districts were Higher Income, More Highly Educated, and More Likely to be White ‘’},
category = {Housing, historic districts, nyc, furman center}
}
@article{stringerovercrowding2015,
Author={Stringer, Scott M.},
url={https://comptroller.nyc.gov/wp-content/uploads/documents/Hidden_Households.pdf},
Title={Hidden Households},
journal={Office of the New York City Comptroller},
year={2015},
month={10},
comment = {Report on how overcrowding is increasing in NYC, particularly in Queens.},
category = {overcrowding, Housing}
}
% See this article in the Times that references this report: \url{http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/01/nyregion/overcrowding-worsens-in-new-york-as-working-families-double-up.html}
@article{adamsdowntownbklyn2016,
Author={Adams, Eric L.},
url={http://brooklyn-usa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Downtown-Brooklyn-2004-Rezoning_Final.pdf},
Title={A DECADE LATER IN DOWNTOWN BROOKLYN A REVIEW OF THE 2004 REZONING},
journal={Brooklyn Borough President},
year={2016},
month={02},
comment = {The 2004 downtown Brookly rezoning was supposed to promote a commercial office district. Instead 3.3 million square feet LESS of office space was built and 11,000 units of housing (when 979 were anticipated).},
category = {zoning, downtown brooklyn, Housing, residential, commercial}
}
@article{lew2017lic,
Author={Savitch-Lew, Abigail},
url={http://citylimits.org/2017/02/01/city-planners-in-lic-must-contend-with-flaws-in-bloomberg-era-rezoning/},
Title={City Planners in LIC Must Contend With Flaws in Bloomberg-Era Rezoning},
journal={City Limits},
date={2017-02-01},
comment={Report from first DCP public meeting about proposed Long Island City rezoning. In it, a DCP planner admits that they got the rezoning wrong under Bloomberg — their intention to promote office space resulted only in residential towers with few retail ammenities.},
category={zoning, long island city, Housing, residential, commercial}
}
% This is the second case, alond with adamsdowntownbklyn2016, where DCP got the rezoning for commercial wrong and resulted in residential.
% Also, if they are rezoning here, it means they ARE willing to rezone areas that were rezoned not so long ago. Maybe Williamsburg could be next?
@article{blankleyhousingplan2016,
Author={Blankley, Susanna},
url={http://citylimits.org/2016/02/25/cityviewsfour-wrong-ideas-driving-de-blasios-housing-plan/},
Title={CityViews: Four Wrong Ideas Driving de Blasio’s Housing Plan},
journal={City Limits},
date={2016-02-25},
comment = {Susanna from CASA lays down why affordable housing in the Bronx should meet the needs of the people who live there, how the Bronx already is a mixed-income neighborhood, and how the idea of building housing for the poor is bad public policy'' is ridiculous. The clear message is that the concentration of wealth is not a problem to solve—only the concentration of poverty is. But the concentration of poor people isn’t the problem. Poor people aren’t the problem. Poverty is the problem. Displacing poor people will not solve poverty. So if we aren’t solving the problem of poverty then what problem are we solving?’’},
category = {bronx, Housing, mandatory inclusionary housing, CUP, casa}
}
@article{murphyami2016,
Author={Murphy, Jarrett},
url={http://citylimits.org/2016/02/17/the-secret-history-of-ami/},
Title={The Secret History of AMI},
journal={City Limits},
date={2016-02-17},
comment = {A nice little overview of the history of AMI/MFI in NYC, its weird carveouts, and housing cost adjustment.},
category = {ami, mfi, nyc, rockland, westchester, Housing, CUP}
}
@article{bellafantepublichousingfund2016,
Author={Bellafante, Ginia},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/14/nyregion/a-new-charitable-project-the-projects.html},
Title={Public Housing, Private Donors},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2016-02-11},
comment = {NYCHA is setting up a nonprofit to take donations in the name of public housing like a friends-of-park organization, hopefully from ``alumni’’ of public housing who are proud to have grown up in it. Sadly they are battling the notion that public housing isn’t cool.},
category = {Housing, fund for public housing, nonprofit}
}
% 75 years ago, the government was rich, and supported the poor. Now the government is poor, and we have to look to rich people as our only hope to support the poor. The state of things is sad, but this is a smart move in the current environment.
@article{ryleynuisanceabatementactions2016,
Author={Ryley, Sarah},
url={https://www.propublica.org/article/nypd-nuisance-abatement-evictions},
Title={The NYPD Is Kicking People Out of Their Homes, Even If They Haven’t Committed a Crime},
journal={ProPublica},
date={2016-02-04},
comment = {The city uses a little-known tool called a “nuisance abatement action” which allows them to bar people from their apartment without warning on suspicious of drugs or prostitution. It was put in place in the 1970s as a quicker way to attack prostitution in Times Square, rather than filing zoning violations against businesses.},
category = {nuisance abatement actions, times square, Housing, nypd, police}
}
% See follow-on article: almost instant results! \url{https://www.propublica.org/article/nypd-to-change-how-police-use-nuisance-abatement-law}
% ProPublica and the NY Times certainly have a recipe for change that seems to work.
@article{petersruralstudiohouse2016,
Author={Peters, Adele},
url={http://www.fastcoexist.com/3056129/this-house-costs-just-20000-but-its-nicer-than-yours},
Title={This House Costs Just 20,000—But It’s Nicer Than Yours},
journal={Fast Company},
date={2016-02-03},
comment = {Rural Studio is going to release detailed plans for building ultra low cost houses. Article includes interesting bit about how banks had to create a new financial product to fund houses that cost this little.},
category = {rural studio, architecture, Housing}
}
@article{cappshousingcalculator,
Author={Capps, Kriston},
url={http://www.citylab.com/housing/2015/10/affordable-housing-is-a-moral-choice-and-the-numbers-prove-it/411235/},
Title={Affordable Housing Is a Moral Choice (and the Numbers Prove It)},
journal={Citylab},
date={2015-10-19},
comment = {Cornerstone Partnership is developing a web tool called the Inclusionary Calculator that allows you to run the cost of building affordable housing in different markets. The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy says they have run the calculator every which way and concluded that it is ALWAYS possible for a developer to afford affordable housing. Because market rates determine the cost of apartments, not the landlords, any affordable housing that is built comes from developer’s bottom line. So the question is: are we willing to impact developer profits in order to get affordable housing built? },
category = {affordable housing, lincoln institute of land policy, inclusionary calcutator}
}
@article{liptonbatteryparkcity2001,
Author={Lipton, Eric},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/02/nyregion/02BATT.html},
Title={Battery Park City Is Success, Except for Pledge to the Poor},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2001-01-02},
comment = {Looks at how Battery Park City was built with city subsidies connected to affordable housing, but almost no affordable housing was built.},
category = {affordable housing, battery park city}
}
% Updated interview with ProPublica in 2015: \url{https://www.propublica.org/article/bad-grandpa-the-ugly-forefather-of-new-yorks-affordable-housing-debacles}
@article{kimmelmanaffordablehousingdoneright2016,
Author={Kimmelman, Michael},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/26/arts/design/how-to-build-affordable-housing-in-new-york-city.html?smid=fb-share},
Title={How to Build Affordable Housing in New York City},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2016-01-25},
comment = {Kimmelman looks to two recent affordable housing projects, Arverne View and The East Harlem Center for Living and Learning, as examples of how to do affordable housing in NYC. Argues for community input and critiques de Blasio.},
category = {jonathan rose companies, affordable housing, CUP, shola olatoye, nycha, enterprise community partners}
}
@techreport{NBERw21916,
title = “Housing Inequality”,
author = “David Albouy and Mike Zabek”,
institution = “National Bureau of Economic Research”,
type = “Working Paper”,
series = “Working Paper Series”,
number = “21916”,
year = “2016”,
month = “January”,
doi = {10.3386/w21916},
URL = “http://www.nber.org/papers/w21916”,
abstract = {Inequality in U.S. housing prices and rents both declined in the mid-20th century, even as home-ownership rates rose. Subsequently, housing-price inequality has risen to pre-War levels, while rent inequality has risen less. Combining both measures, we see inequality in housing consumption equivalents mirroring patterns in income across both space and time, according to an income elasticity of housing demand just below one. These patterns occur mainly within cities, and are not explained by observed changes in dwelling characteristics or locations. Instead, recent increases in housing inequality are driven most by changes in the relative value of locations, seen especially through land.},
comment = {Finds that as the rich get richer, the rich pay more to live in richer neighborhoods.},
category = {housing, CUP, income, inequality}
}
% pdf: \url{http://davidalbouy.net/housinginequality.pdf}
@article{shillerhousingpricefear2016,
Author={Shiller, Robert J.},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/12/upshot/the-overinflated-fear-of-being-priced-out-of-housing.html},
Title={The Overinflated Fear of Being Priced Out of Housing},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2016-06-10},
comment = {While in some areas, for a (relatively) short time, home prices might feel like they will never stop increasing, that phenomenon is usually linked to an economic surge that will likely end before long. The long term value of homes generally remains flat. Another article about how homes are not a good investment. ``After all, American society is increasingly divided according to educational attainment and income. In some circles, rarefied home prices may set off worries about being unable to live in choice locations shared with successful people. Home prices may, unfortunately, be viewed as a measurement of success in life rather than merely of floor space, and fear of being priced out of housing may well be rooted in deeper broodings about maintaining a position in the social hierarchy.’’},
category = {Housing, home prices, home affordability, central cities, home investment}
}
@article{navarrolongtermpublichousing,
Author={Navarro, Mireya},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/04/nyregion/as-new-york-rents-soar-public-housing-becomes-lifelong-refuge.html},
Title={As New York Rents Soar, Public Housing Becomes Lifelong Refuge},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2015-08-03},
comment = {Report on how people are staying in public housing for longer periods of time, and as they earn higher incomes. Includes this awesome quote: ``“I’ve always dreamed of living in an apartment in Manhattan. I want to live in a nice, gentrified area. Like you meet somebody, you’ll say, ‘This is where I live.’ It’s a sense of accomplishment.”’’},
category = {nycha, public housing, gentrification, income}
}
@article{shillerinefficienthousingmarket,
Author={Shiller, Robert J.},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/26/upshot/the-housing-market-still-isnt-rational.html},
Title={The Housing Market Still Isn’t Rational},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2015-07-24},
comment = {The efficient markets theory is at best a half-truth, as a voluminous literature on market anomalies shows. What’s more, even that half-truth is grounded mainly in the stock market, which attracts professional investors who sometimes do make the market behave efficiently.'' The housing market is another matter. It is far less rational than even the often irrational stock market, for a couple of important reasons. First, most investors find it difficult to understand how housing supply responds to changes in demand. Only a small minority of people think carefully about such things. Second, it is very hard for the minority of smart-money investors who do understand such matters to bet against bubble-level prices in real estate markets. In housing, the smart money has relatively little voice.’’},
category = {housing, inefficient markets, stock markets, selling short}
}
@article{amatoberlingrentcontrol,
Author={Amato, Rowley},
url={http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2015/07/12/what_we_can_learn_from_berlins_new_rent_control_law.php},
Title={What We Can Learn From Berlin’s New Rent Control Law},
journal={Curbed},
date={2015-07-12},
comment = {Berlin implemented a rent control law city-wide that caps rents to 10% above the median in a given district.},
category = {rent control, berlin}
}
@article{leopold2015housing,
title={The Housing Affordability Gap for Extremely Low-Income Renters in 2013},
author={Leopold, Josh and Getsinger, Liza and Blumenthal, Pamela and Abazajian, Katya and Jordan, Reed},
journal={Urban Institute (June 2015)},
year={2015},
comment = {A nationwide analysis of the relationship between the number of affordable units, and the number of ``extremely low income’’ people in each county. Includes an interactive map.},
category = {affordable housing, CUP, income limits}
}
% \url{http://apps.urban.org/features/rental-housing-crisis-map/}
@article{cappsrealestateshellgames,
Author={Capps, Kriston},
url={http://www.citylab.com/housing/2016/01/secret-real-estate-investors-treasury-rule/424008/},
Title={‘Secret’ Real-Estate Investors Should Be Unmasked in Detroit, Too},
journal={CityLab},
date={2016-01-14},
comment = {In the wake of the Treasury cracking down on high-end NYC real estate being used to launder money, Capps suggests that they should also be checking out abandoned or underwater homes in Detroit too, since shell companies are being used to buy up massive amounts of property and avoid taxes there as well.},
category = {shell company, taxes, money laundering, detroit}
}
@article{warerkar40knewunitssince2014,
Author={Warerkar, Tanay},
url={http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2016/01/11/nyc_gained_40000_units_of_affordable_housing_since_2014.php},
Title={NYC Gained 40,000 Units of Affordable Housing Since 2014},
journal={Curbed},
date={2016-01-11},
comment = {The Mayor’s office put out a press release that claims they have funded more than 40,000 units of affordable housing since de Blasio came to office in 2014, providing homes for more thank 100,000 people. This includes the largest number of newly created affordable housing since HPD was established 38 years ago. In 2015 the city funded 21,000+ units, one-third of which were new, and the rest preservation of exisiting affordable units.},
category = {affordable housing, mayor de blasio, CUP}
}
@article{bindelglassflatirontowerconstruction,
Author={Bindelglass, Evan},
url={http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2016/01/09/flatiron_districts_new_tallest_tower_takes_shape.php},
Title={Flatiron District’s New Tallest Tower Takes Shape},
journal={Curbed},
date={2016-01-09},
comment = {Nothing but architecture porn of a new residential tower under construction in Manhattan.},
category = {flatiron, construction, residential towers, housing, graffiti}
}
% I only included this because one of the photos from a high floor under construction includes some awesome penis graffiti.
@article{satowpiedaterres,
Author={Satow, Julie},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/26/realestate/pieds-terre-owners-dominate-some-new-york-buildings.html},
Title={Pied-à-Neighborhood},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2014-10-24},
comment = {How many residential buildings in Midtown are mostly empty most of the time because the units are owned by wealthy out-of-towners.},
category = {pieds-a-terra, midtown, billionaires, housing}
}
@article{iboprevailingwageaffordablehousing,
Author={Independent Budget Office},
url={http://www.ibo.nyc.ny.us/iboreports/2016corection-to-january-2016-prevailing-wage-report.pdf},
Title={The Impact of Prevailing Wage Requirements on Affordable Housing Construction in New York City},
journal={Independent Budget Office},
year = {2016},
month = {02},
comment = {Examines the cost of requireing prevailing wage added to construction costs, and concldues that there is a 23% increase. But does not look at other factors that may be gained like increased safety or timely completion of construction. The IBO got this wrong the first time, this is the corrected report, with the cost of prevailing wage significantly higher. Also: ``Beyond the impact of prevailing wages, our regression results identified other factors that affected development costs. Controlling for other project characteristics, buildings with a higher share of units reserved as affordable have, on average, lower construction costs than similar buildings with a lower share of affordable apartments.’’},
category = {construction, 421a, prevailing wage, Housing, Urbanism, ibo, affordable housing, CUP}
}
@article{schindlerhousingexhibits2015,
Author={Schindler, Susanne},
url={http://urbanomnibus.net/2015/12/affordable-housing-appraised-a-review/},
Title={Affordable Housing Appraised: A Review},
journal={Urban Omnibus},
date={2015-12-14},
comment = {Critique of two exhibits on affordable housing, one at MCNY, the other at Center for Architecture. Concludes that the MCNY focuses too much on NYC exceptionality and the CfA one focuses too much on architect exceptionality. Neither achieves the reframing the housing question as seeing housing as a public good.},
category = {affordable housing, CUP, mcny, cfa, nycha}
}
@article{putzierstuytown,
Author={Putzier, Konrad},
url={http://therealdeal.com/blog/2015/10/29/how-stuy-town-was-won/},
Title={How Stuy Town was won},
journal={The Real Deal},
date={2015-10-29},
comment = {A history of Stuyvesant Town-Peter Cooper Village.},
category = {stuy town, real estate, housing}
}
@article{anutapublichousinggarbage,
Author={Anuta, Joe},
url={http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20151029/REAL_ESTATE/151029852/city-housing-projects-garbage-reveals-their-big-secret},
Title={How many people live in the city’s public housing? The answer is in the trash},
journal={Crain’s New York Business},
date={2015-10-29},
comment = {Using garbage tonnage to estimate actual population of NYCHA housing at 502,600 people. That’s people on the leases plus people living in public housing casually. Also add in 220,000 who get rental assistance from NYCHA to live privately-run housing for 722,600 population.},
category = {population, public housing, nycha, garbage, trash}
}
@article{jainaffordablehousingcost2015,
Author={Jain, Rahul and Dardia, Michael},
url={http://cbcny.org/cbc-blogs/blogs/cost-affordable-housing},
Title={The Cost of Affordable Housing},
journal={Citizens Budget Commission},
date={2015-12-16},
comment = {``Illustrative’’ cost breakdown of how much it costs to build affordable housing.},
category = {affordable housing, mandatory inclusionary housing, CUP}
}
@article{tempeyaffhousingexploitation,
Author={Tempey, Nathan},
url={http://gothamist.com/2015/11/05/affordable_housing_unions.php},
Title={Contractors Getting Rich, Exploiting Workers Under De Blasio’s Affordable Housing Plan},
journal={Gothamist},
date={2015-11-05},
comment = {Real Affordability For All is protesting New York State Association for Affordable Housing [NYSAFAH] for pushing to loosen construction oversight and enable worker exploitation.},
category = {rafa, nysafah, affordable housing, 421a, CUP}
}
@article{kampingwinhousinglottery,
Author={Kamping-Carder, Leigh},
url={http://www.brickunderground.com/blog/2014/08/8020_affordable_housing_guide},
Title={Win the NYC Affordable Housing Lottery: How to Get an “80/20” Rental},
journal={Brick Underground},
date={2014-08-26},
comment = {Good coverage of the process of finding and applying for affordable housing. Includes links to property managers to sign up with. ``Just like in any rental situation, the landlord is trying to make sure you’ll pay the rent on time and generally be a good tenant. But in this case, the developer also wants to see whether you’ll stick out in a swank building.’’},
category = {hpd, ofe, affordable housing, lottery, CUP}
}
@article{morgensonfanniefreddie,
Author={Morgenson, Gretchen},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/07/business/a-revolving-door-helps-big-banks-quiet-campaign-to-muscle-out-fannie-and-freddie.html},
Title={A Revolving Door Helps Big Banks’ Quiet Campaign to Muscle Out Fannie and Freddie},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2015-12-07},
comment = {Apparently the banks are maneuvering to get rid of fannie mae and freddie mac. Includes a good description of those fannie and freddie work.},
category = {housing, fannie mae, freddie mac, mortgage market}
}
@article{gatesrezoneaffluentneighbs2015,
Author={Gates, Moses},
url={http://www.metropolitiques.eu/To-Prevent-Worsening-Inequality.html},
Title={To Prevent Worsening Inequality, Put Affluent Neighborhoods on NYC Re‑Zoning List},
journal={Metro Politics},
date={2015-11-17},
comment = {Moses makes the argument that de Blasio should be implementing MIH in the rich low-density neighborhoods to promote development instead of poor ones. It would make those neighborhoods more diverse and is more likely to yield a net increase in affordable housing than MIH in low-income neighborhoods would.},
category = {mih, housing, CUP, rezoning}
}
% See also this article which builds on Moses’ initial analysis: \url{http://citylimits.org/2017/05/10/the-high-income-neighborhoods-the-city-could-look-to-rezone/}
% Quotes Jane Jacobs: “there is no logic that can be superimposed on the city; people make it, and it is to them, not buildings, that we must fit our plans.”
@article{navarrohousingandvacancy,
Author={Navarro, Mireya},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/25/nyregion/new-york-rents-outpaced-inflation-over-3-years-census-data-say.html},
Title={New York Rents Outpaced Inflation Over 3 Years, Census Data Say},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2015-02-24},
comment = {Updated numbers from Housing and Vacancy Survey on things like rent burden, median rent, and number of rent controlled and regulated apartments.},
category = {rent control, rent regulation, housing, CUP}
}
@article{podkulrentlimits,
Author={Podkul, Cezary and Rochabrun, Marcelo},
url={https://www.propublica.org/article/nyc-landlords-flout-rent-limits-but-still-rake-in-lucrative-tax-breaks},
Title={N.Y.C. Landlords Flout Rent Limits — But Still Rake In Lucrative Tax Breaks},
journal={ProPublica},
date={2015-11-04},
comment = {New buildings getting a 421-a tax break are often subject to rent stabilization limits on rent increases. But enforcement of those limits is poor because it is handled by a variety of state and city agencies. More info in their follow up article: \url{https://www.propublica.org/article/landlords-fail-to-list-fifty-thousand-nyc-apartments-for-rent-limits} And a follow-up what-to-do page: \url{https://www.propublica.org/article/are-you-paying-too-much-rent}},
category = {421-a, rent stabilization, housing, CUP}
}
% “Buildings built after 1974 are also frequently subject to rent stabilization if they are getting property tax breaks from the city known as J51 or 421A. These tax breaks, which can last for decades, require landlords to subject ALL their units to rent stabilization for the duration of the tax breaks, no matter what the monthly rent is. So you could be paying $2,700 or more in rent and still be entitled to all the rights of a stabilized lease.”
% “Rent limits apply to the “legal” rent listed on your lease. Landlords may charge less than that — a “preferential” rent. Leases often list both legal and preferential rents. Landlords may raise a preferential rent by more than the Rent Guidelines Board limits — except that for original tenants in a rent-stabilized building, the legal rent is the initial rent paid, even if it’s called “preferential.””
% See follow up to this article that is specifically about Two Trees — 125 Court St. — as well: \url{https://www.propublica.org/article/tenants-take-hit-as-ny-fails-to-police-huge-housing-tax-break}
% Also this article actually better explains the wrinkle in rent stabilization that they are talking about.
% ``Together, the overcharges and Two Trees’ lack of final approval show a city that is eager to give out tax breaks but loathe to police them, enabling developers to easily sidestep tenant protections under its single-biggest housing subsidy.’’
% See also this follow up article about the difference between the number of units requires to be rent stabilized, and the number of units acutally REGISTERED: \url{https://www.propublica.org/article/ny-state-data-indicates-even-more-landlords-duck-rent-limits}
% And this follow up article about new legislation proposed: \url{https://www.propublica.org/article/ny-lawmakers-want-stiffer-penalties-for-landlords-who-ignore-rent-limits} This article also covers the fact that there around 800,000 units actually registered, even though there’s supposed to be 1 million units that are rent stabilized. That means that if the city wants to add 200,000 affordable units, maybe the first thing they should do is get back the ones that we already have.
% See also this tool about how landlords cheat rent-stabilized renters, and what you can do about it:
% \url{https://projects.propublica.org/graphics/landlord} Renter Beware: Ten Ways
Unscrupulous Landlords Cheat NYC Tenants
% Follow up article about how NYC is going to start enforcing this more strictly: \ulr{https://www.propublica.org/article/nyc-to-put-3000-landlords-on-notice-comply-with-law-or-lose-tax-benefits}
% More followup on the new-construction rent stabilization issue: \url{https://www.propublica.org/article/gov-cuomos-affordable-housing-proposal-would-make-rents-less-affordable}
@article{podkul2016vacancydecontrol,
Author={Rochabrun, Marcelo and Podkul, Cezary},
url={https://www.propublica.org/article/the-vote-that-made-new-york-city-rents-so-high},
Title={The Fateful Vote That Made New York City Rents So High},
journal={ProPublica},
date={2016-12-dd},
comment={Rent stabilization law was changed in 1994 (by a Democratic City Council) to make it so apartments that reached 2000 dollar a month would come out of the rent stabilization program. The argument was that rent stabilization was protecting rich people who lived in those apartments from paying their fair share of taxes. But by setting a limit to rent stabilization they created an incentive for landlords to drive rents up until they could reach the vacancy decontrol point and make their apartment free-market rent. And then in 1997 the state legislature stripped City Council of the power even to repeal vacancy decontrol.},
category={CUP, rent stabilization, vacancy decontrol}
}
@article{podkulwagetheft,
Author={Podkul, Cezary and Rochabrun, Marcelo},
url={https://www.propublica.org/article/nyc-lets-luxury-building-owners-stiff-workers-and-still-get-a-tax-break},
Title={NYC Lets Luxury Building Owners Stiff Workers and Still Get a Tax Break},
journal={ProPublica},
date={2015-12-30},
comment = {421a has to pay ``prevailing wage’’ for workers at bigger buildings that take the tax break. Many buildings aren’t paying the required wage.},
category = {wage theft, 421a, prevailing wage, CUP}
}
@article{podkulj512016,
Author={Podkul, Cezary},
url={https://www.propublica.org/article/new-york-isnt-telling-tenants-they-may-be-protected-from-big-rent-hikes},
Title={New York Isn’t Telling Tenants They May Be Protected From Big Rent Hikes},
journal={ProPublica},
date={2016-07-06},
comment = {Podkul researches the J-51 housing tax break and finds that many people have no idea they are living in apartments that should be rent-stabilized because of it. The city is not exactly enthusiastically telling landlords they need to be complying with the law.},
category = {Housing, j-51, affordable housing, CUP, tax breaks}
}
@article{caseynazis,
Author={Casey, Nicholas},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/20/nyregion/query-for-home-buyers-in-a-long-island-hamlet-are-you-german.html},
Title={Nazi Past of Long Island Hamlet Persists in a Rule for Home Buyers},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2015-10-19},
comment = {Yaphank, NY is the home to an enclave with housing bylaws requiring people to be of German descent. In the 1940s they had streets named after people in the Nazi party. Now a homeowner wants to sue for violating the Fair Housing Act — because they can’t get as much for their house if they are limited to Germans only.},
category = {nazis, fair housing act, yaphank}
}
@article{reina2014will,
title={Will they stay or will they go: Predicting subsidized housing opt-outs},
author={Reina, Vincent and Begley, Jaclene},
journal={Journal of Housing Economics},
url={http://furmancenter.org/files/Begley_Reina_JHE.pdf},
volume={23},
pages={1–16},
year={2014},
publisher={Elsevier},
comment = {``This paper employs a unique dataset on subsidized properties in New York City and uses hazard models to explore why property owners in the Mitchell-Lama program, a New York State affordable housing program, choose to opt out. Our results suggest that properties located in neighborhoods with high property value growth, those with for-profit owners, and those past the affordability restrictions on all subsidies, are more likely to opt out.’’},
category = {mitchell-lama, affordable housing}
}
@article{anutaovervaluedaffordablehousing,
Author={Anuta, Joe},
url={http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20151005/REAL_ESTATE/151009945/residents-beat-eviction-but-worry-about-the-consequences},
Title={Residents beat eviction, but worry about the consequences},
journal={Crain’s},
date={2015-10-05},
comment = {In some cases in hot markets real estate restricted by affordable housing programs like LIHTC is being sold for very high prices. The tenants can win their affordablility requirements but the landlord might be left with a property with far less (in rent collecting terms) than they thought.},
category = {rent regulation, lihtc, affordable housing, crown heights}
}
@article{rothwell2012housing,
title={Housing costs, zoning, and access to high-scoring schools},
author={Rothwell, Jonathan},
journal={Washington: Brookings Institution},
year={2012},
url = {http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/4/19-school-inequality-rothwell/0419_school_inequality_rothwell.pdf},
comment = {More restrictive zoning increases housing cost limiting the availability of inexpensive housing in those neighborhoods. Better schools are associatiated with those neighborhoods with higher housing costs. This exclusionary zoning fuels economic and racial segregation, particularly in terms of access to good education.},
category = {zoning, education, housing}
}
% housing is in everything. And by extension zoning.
% see also \url {http://cityobservatory.org/zoning-in-everything-even-the-education-gap/}
@article{stefanskirentreg,
Author={Stefanski, Sarah},
url={http://ibo.nyc.ny.us/cgi-park2/?p=1133},
Title={How Many Rent-Regulated Units Are Rented at Preferential Rates and Where Are They Located?},
journal={Independent Budget Office — New York City by the Numbers},
date={2015-09-17},
comment = {In many neighborhoods a significant percentage of people in rent-regulated housing pay less than the rent limit sent by rent-regulation. Particularly lower-demand neighborhoods in the outer parts of the boroughs (except Staten Island) have high percentages of renters paying less than the limit.},
category = {Housing, affordable housing, CUP, rent-regulation}
}
@article{thaden2011stable,
title={Stable home ownership in a turbulent economy: Delinquencies and foreclosures remain low in community land trusts},
author={Thaden, Emily},
journal={Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Working Paper},
year={2011},
comment = {CLTs have better outcomes for home owners in financial trouble.},
category ={community land trusts, Housing}
}
@article{leavenworthchineseland2016,
Author={Leavenworth, Stuart and Zhao, Kiki},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/01/business/international/in-china-homeowners-find-themselves-in-a-land-of-doubt.html},
Title={In China, Homeowners Find Themselves in a Land of Doubt},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2016-05-31},
comment = {In China, people often own their homes, but the government owns the land that the home sits on and leases it to the homeowner. Now people are worried about the leases devaluing their homes.},
category = {Housing, china}
}
% I wonder if this has any implications on the implementation of community land trusts. They are not mentioned in this article.
@article{treasuryproposals2016,
Author={Department of the Treasury},
url={http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/tax-policy/Documents/General-Explanations-FY2016.pdf},
Title={General Explanations of the Administration’s Fiscal Year 2016 Revenue Proposals},
journal={Department of the Treasury},
month= {02},
year = {2015},
comment = {General spending proposals by the Treasury. But includes specific recommendations for changes to LIHTC on page 65, including the recommendation to move LIHTC to income averaging, with an 80% MFI top, and an \emph{average} income of 60% MFI. NYHC made an infographic explaining the proposal: \url{http://www.thenyhc.org/LIHTC%20Income%20Averaging%20Handout.pdf}},
category = {lihtc, mfi, affordable housing, CUP}
}
@article{clarkrentregsingleword,
Author={Clark, Lauren},
url={http://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/news/2015/07/17/with-new-rent-regulation-law-a-single-words.html},
Title={With new rent regulation law, a single word’s meaning could change the entire discussion},
journal={New York Business Journal},
date={2015-07-17},
comment = {``The text of the law mentions the legal regulated rent that “was” more than the threshold. “Was,” is the key term lawyers are looking at, considering the 2011 terminology describes “Legal regulated rent” without any indication to the past. Therefore, the law could be interpreted be mean that apartments could only be deregulated if the previous tenant’s rent reached a threshold. Even if the new tenant paid more than 2,700, the apartment would still be regulated until the tenant left. Only then, would the new renter be paying a market-rate value.’’ Also references John Krauss’ map of rent regulated apartment losses in NYC.},
category = {rent regulation, maps, CUP}
}
@article{clarktooexpensivemillennials,
Author={Clark, Patrick},
url={http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-15/the-exact-moment-big-cities-got-too-expensive-for-millennials},
Title={The Exact Moment Big Cities Got Too Expensive for Millennials},
journal={Bloomberg Business},
date={2015-07-15},
comment = {Chart of specific year that the rent exceeded 30% of the median income of young people in various cities. Demand outweighs supply in these cities (Furman report) ``The 30 percent threshold, it should be noted, is merely a proxy for affordability. Transportation costs, which are typically the second-biggest expense in most household budgets, can vary greatly for workers who take public transit and for those who carry car payments and auto insurance.’’},
category = {rent, affordability, millenials, transportation}
}
@article{galkapropertyvalues,
Author={Galka, Max},
url={http://metrocosm.com/new-york-city-property-values-in-perspective/},
Title={A Striking Perspective on New York City Property Values },
journal={Metrocosm},
date={2015-06-24},
comment = {Using cartograms, shows the approximate total property values of different geographical areas, like the US or NYC. ``The Upper East Side, which occupies less than one square mile, has an astounding 96bn of housing value. That places it above Staten Island and the Bronx as well as above six states: New Hampshire, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Wyoming, and Alaska.’’},
category = {property values}
}
@article{shutlersmallhomes,
Author={Shutler, Natalie},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/22/realestate/micro-apartments-tiny-homes-prefabricated-in-brooklyn.html},
Title={Home Shrunken Home},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2015-02-20},
comment = {1987 zoning law stipulated that homes cannot be under 400 square feet. Now developers are trying to respond to demand from single people for small homes, in the hopes that the number of groups of singles living together will free up larger homes and bring prices down for families.},
category = {micro housing, zoning, CUP}
}
% Though these small units are hardly affordable. I believe there is research out there that suggests that allowing smaller apartments does not lead to cheaper apartments.
@article{feeparkinghousing,
Author={Fee, Rachel},
url={http://citylimits.org/2015/07/06/less-parking-more-affordable-housing/},
Title={Less Parking = More Affordable Housing!},
journal={City Limits},
date={2015-07-06},
comment = {NYHC launches an infographic that shows how fewer parking requirements for affordable housing in transit areas leads to more affordable housing being built.},
category = {affordable housing, parking, CUP}
}
% I should add the High Cost of Free Parking (essay) to this, after I read it.
@article{semuelssection8,
Author={Semuels, Alana},
url={http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/06/section-8-is-failing/396650/},
Title={How Housing Policy Is Failing America’s Poor},
journal={The Atlantic},
date={2015-06-24},
comment = {Broad overview of Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program. Talks about the Small Area Fair Market Rent Program which calculates FMR based on zip codes rather than the metro area. It is being tested in Texas, and seems to work better.},
category = {fair market rent, section 8, housing, CUP}
}
@article{hannah2012living,
title={Living Apart: How the Government Betrayed a Landmark Civil Rights Law},
author={Hannah-Jones, Nikole},
year={2012},
publisher={ProPublica},
url={https://www.propublica.org/article/living-apart-how-the-government-betrayed-a-landmark-civil-rights-law},
comment={A really comprehensive history of the Fair Housing Act, and how the government rarely enforces many of its provisions.},
category ={fair housing act, housing, discrimination}
}
% This article would be worth a re-read.
@article{bowlescommercialspace,
Author={Bowles, Jonathan},
url={http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/de-blasio-plans-close-parks-weekday-car-traffic-article-1.2262027},
Title={Make Commercial Space Affordable Too},
journal={City & State},
date={2015-05-23},
comment = {The ED of CUF argues to protect affordable commercial space, as well as residential. There is currently increasing jobs in NYC in many sectors, and companies are looking for space to work in. Particularly tech startups are looking for older cheaper commercial space, in the outer boroughs.},
category = {commercial, affordability}
}
@article{fraadebrooklynbubble,
Author={Fraade, Jordan},
url={http://gothamist.com/2015/06/11/brooklyn_rent_obscene_forever.php},
Title={The Brooklyn Real Estate Bubble Will Never Pop},
journal={Gothamist},
date={2015-06-11},
comment = {Breakdown of how Brooklyn is so popular that its housing bubble never decreased during the financial crisis, and may never actually come down. Says that drastic increases in affordable homes and rents is the only thing that would bring prices down, and that kind of increase is virtually impossible. Makes an interesting point that Brooklyn was probably drastically undervalued for decades, and is now recovering that value.},
category = {housing, brooklyn, affordability}
}
@article{anhd421adevstaxbreak,
Author={ANHD},
url={http://www.anhd.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/ANHD-421a-Analysis-Maps_-012815.pdf},
Title={421a Developer’s Tax Break},
journal={ANHD},
year={2015},
month ={01},
comment = {Outlines how 421a works, gives numbers on units of affordable housing created versus number of building recieving the benefit, and outlines challenges to making the program effective.},
category = {housing, 421a, CUP}
}
@article{putzier421a,
Author={Putzier, Konrad},
url={http://therealdeal.com/blog/2015/11/23/meet-421as-real-beneficiaries-landowners/},
Title={Meet 421a’s real beneficiaries: Landowners},
journal={The Real Deal},
date={2015-11-23},
comment = {The net effect of 421a is to drive up land prices.},
category = {421a, CUP, housing}
}
@article{blumgartrentcontrol,
Author={Blumgart, Jake},
url={http://www.psmag.com/business-economics/in-defense-of-rent-control},
Title={In Defense of Rent Control},
journal={Pacific Standard},
date={2015-04-01},
comment = {Turns out, economists almost universally agree that rent control measures are bad for housing. See Krugman’s article: \url{http://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/07/opinion/reckonings-a-rent-affair.html} This article tries to defend rent control on the grounds that rent control is not about affordability, but neighborhood stability. It allows people to stay in the homes they have, rather than forcing them to move because they are under- or over-consuming housing. (Sounds like yet another place that traditional economics needs some tempering with behavioral economics.)},
category = {rent control, rent stabilization, economics}
}
% See also: \url{https://shelterforce.org/2021/11/15/minneapolis-st-paul-voters-say-yes-to-rent-stabilization/}
@article{davidsonretregulation2013,
Author={Davidson, Adam},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/28/magazine/the-perverse-effects-of-rent-regulation.html},
Title={The Perverse Effects of Rent Regulation},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2013-07-23},
comment = {Davidson lays out the economic argument against rent regulation: it creates two markets where there are winners with cheap apartments and drives the price up for everyone else.},
category = {Economics, Housing, rent control, rent regulation, rent stabilization}
}
% Davidson claims this is now a standard example in Econ 101. And in that way it is probably a good example of how stupid most things in Econ 101 are. Vicki Been points out in this column how the politics of the situation are not the same as the economic forces.
% And Davidson points out that if you lifted rent control, Manhattan would become an island of middle class and wealthy only. …so doesn’t that indicate, even by the basic economic theory, that we want the program?
% Also in pure economic theory, Davidson points out that most of the people living in rent controlled buildings are not below the poverty line - but he doesn’t say if they are mostly middle or lower-middle class.
% If the program is WORKING to keep so many people in the city who could otherwise not afford it, maybe the Econ 101 model is just too simplistic?
% Or, what’s the argument against making ALL the apartments rent controlled? Economists never seem to address that. Manhattan is an island after all, it’s not making more land.
@article{irwintrade2016,
Author={Irwin, Neil},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/03/upshot/how-a-quest-by-elites-is-driving-brexit-and-trump.html},
Title={How a Quest by Elites Is Driving ‘Brexit’ and Trump},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2016-07-01},
comment = {The elite are more worried about the size of the economic pie, than how it is divided. Maybe the people who run the world, in other words, have spent decades pursuing goals that don’t scratch the itches of large swaths of humanity. Perhaps the pursuit of ever higher gross domestic product misses a fundamental understanding of what makes most people tick. Against that backdrop, support for Mr. Trump and for the British withdrawal known as Brexit are just imperfect vehicles through which someone can yell, “Stop.”'' the gaps between the economic elite and the general public are created not by differences in expertise but in priorities.’’ Covers an experiment published in Science that showed that while a big portion of the American public would divide the equally over efficiently, this was not true of people attending Yale law school, who divided the pie efficiently over equally. Argues for rent control: Economists almost uniformly argue that rent control laws are a terrible tool to try to make housing more affordable. As Paul Krugman once wrote, “the analysis of rent control is among the best-understood issues in all of economics, and — among economists, anyway — one of the least controversial.” Yet among people grappling with soaring rents, the policies are persistently popular — even, recently, in the free-market-oriented boomtowns of Silicon Valley. It’s easy for an economist to chalk up support for rent control as idiocy that depresses the home construction that might reduce housing prices for everyone. I have thought of it that way. But maybe it is really important for people who live in a place to be able to stay there indefinitely. Maybe the idea that things should stay the way they are, without new people moving in and new buildings going up, is not as inherently irrational as Economics 101 would suggest. Yes, rent control is a bad idea if you’re worried about the long-term prospects for economic efficiency. But maybe the people who advocate these policies know exactly what they’re rooting for, and that’s not it. The rent control debate can be viewed as a microcosm of the debate about globalization and international trade.'' There’s an obligation to think about individual lives. Life isn’t just about money, and jobs aren’t just about income. A sense of stability, of purpose, of social standing — all these things matter in ways that economic models don’t do a very good job of taking into account.’’},
category = {free trade, rent control, rent regulation, Economics, krugman, macro economics}
}
% There’s all sorts of things tied up in this fantastic column:
% Irwin mentions how journalists are in fact peripheral members of the economic elite
% See also the article about how free trade isn’t actually working: porter2016trade
% This article says that Yale students have benefitted from the system, so they don’t worry about dividing the economic pie evenly - but doesn’t say the obvious: maybe their EDUCATION prioritizes the wrong things. Even if you start life poor, if you go to an elite university, they will teach you the priorities of the elite.
% See also this article about research looking into why voters are against globalization while virtually all economic experts are for it: \url{http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/31/upshot/why-voters-dont-buy-it-when-economists-say-global-trade-is-good.html}
% Also see this in-depth (more or less opinion piece) look at the negative impacts of free trade: \url{http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/29/business/economy/more-wealth-more-jobs-but-not-for-everyone-what-fuels-the-backlash-on-trade.html}
@book{united1968report,
title={Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, March 1, 1968},
author={United States. National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders and Kerner, Otto},
year={1968},
publisher={US Government Printing Office},
comment = {Classic report on the cause of the 1967 race riots. This editorial in the Times: \url{http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/opinion/sunday/housing-apartheid-american-style.html} calls it ``the most candid indictment of racism and segregation seen in such a document, before or since.’’ The editorial also argues we still need to restructure Federal programs to eliminate segregation.},
category = {segregation, housing}
}
% I should read this
@article{florida2015housingsubsidies,
Author={Florida, Richard},
url={http://www.citylab.com/housing/2015/04/the-us-spends-far-more-on-homeowner-subsidies-than-it-does-on-affordable-housing/390666/},
Title={The U.S. Spends Far More on Homeowner Subsidies Than It Does on Affordable Housing},
journal={CityLab},
date={2015-04-17},
comment = {Florida looks at a paper from NYU that looks at the amount spent on the mortgage interest deduction versus affordable housing. Then goes on to suggest cash transfers as a better solution to housing issues for low-income people. Has rough stas that could be useful in updating the affordable housing guidebook.},
category = {Housing, Urbanism affordable housing, mortgage interest deduction, CUP}
}
@techreport{NBERw21071,
title = “Low-Income Housing Policy”,
author = “Robert Collinson and Ingrid Gould Ellen and Jens Ludwig”,
institution = “National Bureau of Economic Research”,
type = “Working Paper”,
series = “Working Paper Series”,
number = “21071”,
year = “2015”,
month = “April”,
doi = {10.3386/w21071},
URL = “http://www.nber.org/papers/w21071”,
abstract = {The United States government devotes about 40 billion each year to means-tested housing programs, plus another 6 billion or so in tax expenditures on the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC). What exactly do we spend this money on, why, and what does it accomplish? We focus on these questions. We begin by reviewing the history of low-income housing programs in the U.S., and then summarize the characteristics of participants in means-tested housing programs and how programs have changed over time. We consider important conceptual issues surrounding the design of and rationale for means-tested housing programs in the U.S. and review existing empirical evidence, which is limited in important ways. Finally, we conclude with thoughts about the most pressing questions that might be addressed in future research in this area.},
comment = {Paper Florida reports on in florida2015housingsubsidies.},
category = {Housing, Urbanism affordable housing, mortgage interest deduction, CUP}
}
% Paper Florida reports on florida2015housingsubsidies
% Download pdf here: \url{http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.694.159&rep=rep1&type=pdf}
@article{navarrooldbuildingenergyaudit,
Author={Navarro, Mireya},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/25/science/earth/new-york-citys-effort-to-track-energy-efficiency-yields-some-surprises.html},
Title={City’s Law Tracking Energy Use Yields Some Surprises},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2012-12-24},
comment = {Old buildings are far better energy handlers. ``Older buildings tend to have higher Energy Star scores because they have thicker walls, fewer windows and less ventilation — superior “thermal envelopes,” as a report on the early results puts it. They are also less suited to energy-gobbling activities like computer data crunching, the downfall of some youthful but middling performers.’’},
category = {energy, buildings, architecture, environment}
}
% Not clear at all how this jives with the City Council’s 2019 measure
% requiring many buildings to achieve a 40 percent reduction in emissions or
% face steep fines:
% \url{https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/17/nyregion/nyc-energy-laws.html}
@article{foderaroheating,
Author={Foderaro, Lisa W.},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/20/nyregion/study-urges-new-york-buildings-to-retrofit-radiators-to-cut-emissions.html},
Title={Study Urges New York Buildings to Upgrade Heating Systems to Cut Emissions},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2015-11-19},
comment = {``According to a new study, cutting back on energy waste — and cutting carbon emissions in the process — can take just a few simple fixes, like installing a tiny plate in each radiator’s valve to slow the release of steam; adding insulation and a temperature sensor; and affixing a control knob on the exterior of each radiator.’’},
category = {heating, NYC, buildings, energy, environment}
}
@article{cappsbillionairestaxes,
Author={Capps, Kriston},
url={http://www.citylab.com/housing/2015/05/why-billionaires-dont-pay-property-taxes-in-new-york/389886/},
Title={Why Billionaires Don’t Pay Property Taxes in New York},
journal={Atlantic CityLab},
date={2015-05-11},
comment = {Breaks down the insane property tax structure in NYC. Shows how because of 1970s era property tax codes, everyone else is funding insanely low tax rates on multi-million dollar condos. Bloomberg argued for more millionaires in NYC because it would create revenue, but that hasn’t been true. Property-tax is NYC’s single largest source of revenue.},
category = {housing, property taxes}
}
% See also this report from the Citizens Budget Commission: \url{http://www.cbcny.org/sites/default/files/REPORT_PROPERTYTAXES_12212016.pdf}
% Which concludes:
% 1. Tax bills go up, even when the tax rate does not.
% 2. Effective tax rates (taxes as a percent of market value) vary among types of property with home owners paying much lower rates than owners of commercial and residential rental property; and, these differentials are far greater than in other cities.
% 3. Within each of the major types of property, the effective tax rate paid by owners varies widely in an often inequitable manner.
@article{BardinNYCHA,
Author={Bardin, Rachel and Doulis, Maria},
url={http://www.cbcny.org/sites/default/files/REPORT_NYCHA_06292015.pdf},
Title={CLEANING HOUSE: HOW TO CLOSE THE NEW YORK CITY HOUSING AUTHORITY’S OPERATING GAPS},
journal={Citizens Budget Commission},
year={2015},
month={April},
comment = {Outlines the history and statistics of NYCHA and suggests solutions to funding. Solutions are Raise Revenue, Curb Expenses, and Improve Productivity. Which is a pretty economic way of looking at the problems, and doesn’t address political aspects. },
category = {housing, nycha, CUP}
}
@article{watersmitchell-lama,
Author={Waters, Tom and Bach, Victor},
url={https://b.3cdn.net/nycss/4164cc0fb504bd2477_0wgm6ans7.pdf},
Title={REINVENTING THE MITCHELL-LAMA HOUSING PROGRAM},
journal={Community Service Society},
year={2015},
month={4},
comment = {CSS covers how M-L worked originally, and how it shifted to cover both low and middle income households. Suggests how elements of the program could be carried forward. Covered in this article too: \url{http://citylimits.org/2015/04/22/report-new-middle-class-housing-program-possible/}},
category = {housing, mitchell-lama, CUP}
}
@book{bloom2009public,
title={Public housing that worked: New York in the twentieth century},
author={Bloom, Nicholas Dagen},
year={2009},
publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press},
comment = {Becoming a classic about Public Housing in NYC. This article in Urban Omnibus is from his follow up book, Public Housing Myths, and is a pretty positive perspective on Public Housing: \url{http://urbanomnibus.net/2015/04/maintaining-nycha-debunking-the-myth-of-unmanageable-high-rise-public-housing/}},
category = {public housing}
}
% I haven’t read this book.
@article{rosenthal2014private,
title={Are private markets and filtering a viable source of low-income housing? Estimates from a “repeat income” model},
author={Rosenthal, Stuart S},
journal={The American Economic Review},
volume={104},
number={2},
pages={687–706},
year={2014},
publisher={American Economic Association},
url = {http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/rosenthal/recent%20papers/Is_Filtering_a_Viable_Source_of_Low-Income_Housing_%206_18_13.pdf},
comment = {Discusses ``filtering’’ — the idea that older homes come down in price and become rentals affordable to lower income brackets.},
category = {rental, housing}
}
@article{grabarshrinkingLA,
Author={Grabar, Henry},
url={http://www.salon.com/2015/04/05/the_incredible_shrinking_megacity_how_los_angeles_enginereed_a_housing_crisis/},
Title={The incredible shrinking megacity: How Los Angeles engineered a housing crisis},
journal={Salon},
date={2015-04-05},
comment = {Discusses how Los Angeles is about to hit the maximum population allowed under its current zoning. ``the participatory requirements of community planning favor the wealthy and the educated, who are more likely to own. For another, it’s much easier to generate opposition than support for new development. A new apartment building will upset a very specific group of people. Its benefits, meanwhile, are distributed so widely that they are, on a personal level, marginal.’’ Also references City of Quartz.},
category = {housing, Los Angeles}
}
@article{stephensaffordablehousingtools,
Author={Stephens, Alexis},
url={http://nextcity.org/daily/entry/cities-affordable-housing-developments-zoning-subsidies},
Title={Developers and Cities Are Navigating the Affordable Housing Sea in a Leaky Boat},
journal={Next City},
date={2015-03-27},
comment = {Contains an explanation of tax credits, and looks at the affordable housing situation in Ithaca.},
category = {housing, CUP}
}
@article{BarroAffordableHousing,
Author={Barro, Josh},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/upshot/affordable-housing-thats-very-costly.html},
Title={Affordable Housing That’s Very Costly},
journal={The New York Times},
date={2014-06-07},
comment = {Barro does an analysis of the cost of inclusionary zoning, and concludes that the subsidy is worth 90,000/year.},
category = {housing, CUP, iz}
}
@article{rognlie2014note,
title={A note on Piketty and diminishing returns to capital},
author={Rognlie, Matthew},
journal={Tillg{"a}nglig:< http://www. mit. edu/~{} mrognlie/piketty_diminishing_returns. pdf},
year={2014},
comment = {Kind of a dumb idea by a young kid that econmic inequality is caused by lack of housing rather than the access rich have to other investments. This despite the fact that it is well-established that houses are, as a class, not as good an investment as other things, generally just barely beating inflation.},
category = {housing, economic inequality, piketty, capital}
}
@misc{cohastra,
Author={Cohabitation Strategies},
Howpublished={\url{http://www.cohstra.org/?portfolio=uneven-growth}},
Title={Uneven Growth},
comment = {Video about the affordable housing crisis in NYC put together for MOMA. Features Tom Angotti, Brad Lander, Harvey Epstein, etc.},
category ={housing, CUP}
}
@misc{am-rentstab,
Author={Pereira, Ivan},
Howpublished={\url{http://www.amny.com/news/nyc-rent-stabilization-a-battle-looms-1.9796335}},
Title={Battle looms over NYC rent stabilization law},
comment = {This is a good overview article of Rent Stabilization ahead of the Januaray re-approval of the Urstandt law. By AM New York},
category ={rent, housing, CUP}
}
@article{prop-tax-philly,
Author={Williams, Timothy},
url={http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/04/us/cities-helping-residents-resist-the-new-gentry.html},
Title={Cities Mobilize to Help Those Threatened by Gentrification},
journal={New York Times},
comment = {This article talks about efforts to lower property taxes for long time residents. Particularly Philadelphia’s fairly comprehensive law.},
category ={housing, CUP}
}
@article{citylabsegregatonkey,
Author={Semuels, Alana},
url={http://www.citylab.com/housing/2015/02/is-ending-segregation-the-key-to-ending-poverty/385118/},
Title={Is Ending Segregation the Key to Ending Poverty?},
journal={Citylab},
date={2015-02-03},
comment = {While the title might suggest that this article argues for moving people out of problem neighborhoods, it’s actually a more serious treatment than that. I still think it argues too strongly the merits of moving, but it gives decent weight to the problems/lack of evidence with that argument.},
category = {housing, chicago, vouchers}
}
@article{coxNYCisaffordable,
Author={Cox, Wendell and Pavletich, Hugh},
url={http://www.demographia.com/dhi.pdf},
Title={11th Annual Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey: 2015},
journal={Demographia},
year={2015},
comment = {International perspective on affordability, ranks NYC as \emph{not} one of the least affordable places on the planet.},
category = {housing}
}
@article{deblasiohousingplan,
Author={de Blasio, Bill and et al.},
url={http://www.nyc.gov/html/housing/assets/downloads/pdf/housing_plan.pdf},
Title={Housing New York A Five-Borough, Ten-Year Plan},
journal={City of New York},
year={2015},
comment = {The city’s big new 2015 housing plan to create 200,000 affordable homes.},
category = {housing, CUP}
}
@article{Carrierhousing,
Author={Carrier, Scott},
url={http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/02/housing-first-solution-to-homelessness-utah},
Title={Room for Improvement},
journal={Mother Jones},
year={2015},
comment = {Suggest that housing should come first, before sobreity, to help homeless stay off the streets. Cost effective too.},
category = {homelessness, housing}
}
@article{abramoNYCHArepairs,
Author={Abramo, Allegra and Alsop, Julia and Villaseñor, María},
url={http://www.voicesofny.org/2015/03/nycha-tenants-pack-brownsville-church-to-demand-repairs/},
Title={NYCHA Tenants Pack Brownsville Church to Demand Repairs},
journal={Voice of NY},
date={2015-03-18},
comment = {NYCHA has a 16.5 Billion backlog of repairs. They are not going to get done any time soon.},
category = {nycha, public housing, CUP, housing}
}
@article{khurshidrockawayrisingfloodinsurance,
Author={Khurshuid, Samar},
url={http://www.gothamgazette.com/index.php/government/5639-coastal-communities-risk-being-swept-away-by-rising-insurance-costs},
Title={Coastal Communities Risk Being Swept Away by Rising Insurance Costs},
journal={Gotham Gazette},
date={2015-03-18},
comment = {Flood insurance costs are rising in the Rockaways. Includes quote by QCB14 DM Jonathan Gaska.},
category = {rockaway, flooding, CUP, insurance}
}
@article{goodyeargoodwashing,
Author={Goodyear, Dana},
url={http://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/the-limits-of-virtuous-architecture},
Title={The Limits of Virtuous Architecture},
journal={The New Yorker},
date={2014-08-27},
comment = {Discusses the possibility that ``goodwashing’’ has become a phenomenon in architecture, and other parts of culture.},
category = {architecture, goodwashing}
}